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Introduction: Rasashastra, the Ayurvedic discipline focusing on herbo-mineral pharmaceutics, has been used for centuries to prepare highly potent formulations (bhasma, rasaoushadhi) through processes like shodhana (detoxification) and marana (calcination). Recent scientific advances suggest that many of these formulations exhibit nanoparticle dimensions, opening prospects in nanomedicine. Simultaneously, evidence indicates their potential role in oncology, particularly as immunomodulators, cytotoxic agents, and adjuvant therapies. Methods: Literature was systematically searched from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, AYUSH Research Portal, and classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Rasa Ratna Samuccaya). Search terms included “Rasashastra,” “bhasma,” “nanomedicine,” “oncology,” and “Ayurvedic pharmaceutics.” Studies between 2000 and 2023, including analytical, preclinical, and clinical investigations, were reviewed. Exclusion criteria were anecdotal case reports without experimental validation. Results: Analytical studies using SEM, TEM, and XRD confirm that bhasmas such as Swarna, Rajata, Abhraka, and Tamra exhibit nanoparticulate structures. Preclinical data reveal their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and selective cytotoxic effects. Rasasindura and Tamra bhasma show promise against cancer cell lines, while Swarna bhasma enhances immune function and mitigates chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Limited clinical trials and integrative oncology case series suggest benefits in quality of life, symptom relief, and adjuvant efficacy. Discussion: Rasashastra offers unique opportunities in nanomedicine and oncology through its traditional pharmaceutics aligning with modern drug delivery principles. However, challenges remain in standardization, safety assurance, pharmacovigilance, and international regulatory acceptance. Conclusion: Rasashastra-based nanomedicine holds immense potential in oncology, particularly as adjunctive therapy. With rigorous clinical trials, interdisciplinary collaborations, and global regulatory harmonization, Rasashastra could evolve into a credible pillar of integrative oncology and nanotherapeutics.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Bhasma, Nanomedicine, Oncology, Rasashastra