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Introduction: Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana (RSBK), the pharmaceutical branch of Ayurveda, involves processing of herbo-mineral formulations using specialized techniques to enhance efficacy and safety. In recent decades, translational research has sought to bridge laboratory findings with clinical applications, validating traditional formulations through modern scientific methods. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, AYUSH Research Portal, and classical Ayurvedic texts. Studies published between 2000 and 2023 were included. Clinical trials, toxicological assessments, analytical studies, and translational models were prioritized. Exclusion criteria involved anecdotal evidence and poorly documented case studies. Results: Preclinical research has demonstrated nanoparticulate nature, bioavailability, and pharmacological actions of bhasmas and herbo-mineral preparations. Analytical studies using SEM, TEM, XRD, and ICP-MS have validated structural and compositional properties. Animal models confirm safety and immunomodulatory effects, while limited clinical trials indicate therapeutic benefits in metabolic, neurological, and autoimmune disorders. Despite promising results, gaps remain in large-scale randomized controlled trials, pharmacovigilance, and international regulatory acceptance. Discussion: Translational research in RSBK highlights the convergence of ancient pharmaceutics and modern biomedical sciences. While laboratory studies provide mechanistic insights, clinical translation requires robust trial designs, harmonized quality control, and GMP adherence. Integration into mainstream pharmaceutics depends on addressing concerns of heavy metal toxicity, ensuring reproducibility, and strengthening pharmacovigilance frameworks. Conclusion: Translational research in RSBK offers significant potential to bridge laboratory findings with clinical practice. With rigorous validation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and regulatory harmonization, RSBK can evolve into a scientifically robust and globally acceptable branch of integrative medicine.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Bhaishajya Kalpana, Clinical application, Rasashastra, Translational research