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Introduction: Rasa Aushadhis (herbo-mineral formulations) constitute a significant branch of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, developed through Rasashastra to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Despite their long-standing use in traditional medicine, concerns about heavy metal toxicity and safety persist, particularly when improper preparation or irrational use occurs. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted by searching classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Rasaratna Samuccaya, Rasatarangini), and modern scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) up to 2025. Inclusion criteria comprised experimental, toxicological, and clinical studies evaluating safety, detoxification (Shodhana), and standardization of Rasa Aushadhis. Exclusion criteria included anecdotal reports without scientific validation. Results: The review revealed that proper Shodhana (purification) and Marana (calcination) processes, as detailed in classical texts, significantly reduce toxicity by converting metals/minerals into organo-metallic complexes. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate safety at therapeutic doses, with hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and adaptogenic effects observed. However, reports of nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and systemic metal accumulation emerge when formulations are improperly prepared or administered without adherence to dosage guidelines. Regulatory frameworks in India (AYUSH, Pharmacopeial standards) emphasize Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and heavy metal quantification to ensure safety. Discussion: The balance between Ayurvedic principles of detoxification and modern toxicological validation remains crucial. Gaps exist in large-scale clinical trials, long-term pharmacovigilance, and mechanistic studies on bioavailability. Conclusion: Properly prepared Rasa Aushadhis exhibit a favorable safety profile when used within prescribed limits. Integrative approaches combining Ayurvedic detoxification with modern analytical toxicology are essential to ensure global acceptance.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Detoxification, Rasashastra, Rasa Aushadhi, Toxicology