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Introduction: Bhasma, the herbo-mineral formulations of Ayurveda, are among the most unique contributions of Indian pharmaceutics. Prepared through Shodhana (purification) and Marana (incineration), Bhasma have been traditionally described as bioavailable, potent, and safe. Recent studies indicate that many Bhasmas exist in nano-size ranges, making them relevant to the field of nanomedicine. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out using classical Ayurvedic texts (Rasa Ratna Samuccaya, Rasatarangini, Ayurveda Prakasha) along with PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords included “Ayurvedic Bhasma,” “nanomedicine,” “nanoparticles,” and “Rasashastra pharmaceutics.” Inclusion criteria comprised classical descriptions, analytical characterization, pharmacological studies, and clinical evidence on Bhasmas. Exclusion criteria included anecdotal claims and non-peer-reviewed sources. Results: Classical tests for Bhasma such as Rekhapurnatva and Varitaratva align with properties now attributed to nanoparticles, including ultra-fineness, lightness, and enhanced surface activity. Modern analytical studies using SEM, TEM, XRD, and ICP-MS confirm particle size reduction to nano-range in Bhasmas like Swarna Bhasma, Lauha Bhasma, and Abhraka Bhasma. These nano-forms exhibit improved bioavailability, targeted delivery, and reduced toxicity. Pharmacological studies demonstrate immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adaptogenic effects. Clinical trials validate their therapeutic utility in anemia, arthritis, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Discussion: Bhasma preparation techniques may be seen as early nanotechnology processes, where repeated incineration and trituration generate stable nanoparticles functionalized with organic molecules from herbal media. However, gaps remain in standardization, large-scale toxicological validation, and global regulatory recognition. Conclusion: Bhasmas represent a bridge between ancient pharmaceutics and modern nanomedicine. Their characterization and validation through contemporary science may establish them as safe, effective, and globally acceptable therapeutic nanomedicines.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Bhasma, Nanomedicine, Nanoparticles, Rasashastra