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Introduction: Ayurvedic formulations, particularly those containing Rasa Aushadhis and herbo-mineral preparations, have been criticized for potential heavy metal toxicity. However, these concerns are often generalized and not always based on rigorous scientific evaluations. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and AYUSH Research Portal (2000–2025). Classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Rasa Ratna Samucchaya) were also reviewed to understand traditional perspectives. Both experimental studies and clinical reports on heavy metal content, bioavailability, safety assessments, and detoxification (Shodhana) methods were included. Results: Evidence reveals that heavy metals like mercury, lead, and arsenic are intentionally used in Ayurveda only after extensive purification and processing, which transforms them into bioavailable yet non-toxic forms. Classical methods such as Shodhana and Marana reduce toxicity and alter physicochemical properties. Modern analytical studies confirm differences between raw metals and finished Ayurvedic formulations, with many preparations showing safe levels within WHO permissible limits. Nevertheless, instances of toxicity are often linked to poor-quality manufacturing, lack of adherence to traditional procedures, or unregulated commercial products. Discussion: The myths regarding heavy metal toxicity in Ayurveda largely stem from extrapolating data on raw heavy metals, without considering their processed forms. While genuine concerns exist regarding standardization and regulatory monitoring, scientific clarifications demonstrate that traditionally prepared formulations are generally safe. Conclusion: Heavy metal toxicity in Ayurveda is not an inherent flaw but a quality-control issue. Strengthening Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), ensuring standardization, and conducting more rigorous clinical safety studies can bridge the gap between tradition and modern science.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, heavy metals, herbo-mineral formulations, safety, toxicity